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Backtest
A rule is applied to past prices to see how it would have performed back then.
In a backtest you apply a rule, such as "buy at four stars", to historical prices and count how often it would have worked. It is important to use only the data known on each day; otherwise the result looks better than it ever could have been.
A backtest shows how something behaved in the past. It is not a forecast. DipCatcher states the period and number of cases for every backtest. Under "My rules" you can backtest your own rules.