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Stock split
One share is divided into several; the price drops accordingly, the value stays the same.
In a stock split a company divides each share into several new ones. After a 1-for-4 split you hold four times as many shares, but each costs a quarter as much. The value of your stake does not change.
Companies often split after the price has risen a lot, to make single shares easier to trade. In unadjusted charts a split looks like a crash; proper price data adjusts for it.
